How Can Developed Countries Help Developing Countries

How Can Developed Countries Help Developing Countries – A health worker teaches children how to wash their hands properly at the entrance to Mbagati Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. /Louis Tato/AFP

The director-general of the World Health Organization has called on the most powerful economies to help low- and middle-income countries avoid being overwhelmed by the impact of COVID-19.

How Can Developed Countries Help Developing Countries

According to Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, rich countries should increase production of health products and distribute them fairly around the world according to need.

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“Special attention should be given to low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America,” Ghebreyesus told a press conference in Geneva.

“In addition, WHO is working intensively with several partners, including diagnostics, PPE [personal protective equipment], medical oxygen, ventilators and others.”

Ghebreyesus added that such products must be readily available to small economies in Africa, Asia and Latin America, otherwise they will not be able to afford them.

“Ensuring the free movement of health supplies is critical to saving lives and curbing the social and economic consequences of the pandemic,” he said.

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WHO has also published a practical guide on how to set up and manage temporary coronavirus treatment centres, providing vital services to help developing countries manage the surge in COVID-19 cases.

The manual describes how to install roofs or retrofit buildings and includes structural design, infection prevention and control measures, and ventilation systems. It also includes screening and how to create public spaces, community screening and care for patients with mild symptoms.

“This is a life-saving instruction to deal with the escalation of cases that some countries are now facing. These institutions will have long-term benefits for health systems after the current crisis is over,” said Ghebreyesus. During the presidential campaign, the assassinated Robert F. Kennedy said that GDP—the best measure of prosperity and progress—captured everything “except what makes life worth living.” In 1990, recognizing these shortcomings, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) created the Human Development Index (HDI), a new indicator that attempts to reflect changes in the quality of life of developing countries.

The index combines four simple indicators: life expectancy at birth; gross national income per person; average years of education; and expected school years. First, each variable was normalized on a zero-to-one scale; then, the two knowledge variables are averaged; and finally the index is calculated as the geometric mean of its three components. This means that a 1% drop in life expectancy has the same effect as an equal drop in education. HDI seeks to provide a broader measure of quality of life than material well-being as measured by GDP, including health and schooling.

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In its 28th year, the ILO provides a summary of progress made in developing countries around the world. A child born in sub-Saharan Africa in 1990 can live only 50 years. Today, if current mortality trends continue, newborn babies can live for 61 years. As a result, the life expectancy gap between the world’s poorest region and the global average has narrowed by four years. Similar gains have been recorded for educational outcomes and incomes, meaning that all 189 countries with HDI scores have improved by an average of 0.5% per year since 1990. Only seven countries have seen their HDI scores drop since 2010, mostly as a result of war or famine.

Encouragingly, HDI data show that inequality in life outcomes is narrowing both across and within countries. Since 1990, the HDI coefficient of variation (a measure of the spread of data across countries) has fallen by six percentage points as developing countries close the gap with their developed counterparts. Because “raw” GDP is based. when taken as a national average, it can give a misleading picture of overall living standards in highly unequal countries, where a handful enjoy longer, richer lives and higher education, but the masses do not. However, UNDP also publishes an “inequality-adjusted” version of the HDI, which attempts to account for the distribution of health, education and well-being. The gap between this metric and unadjusted HDI was slightly smaller in 2017 than the previous year, indicating that well-being is more widely distributed both within and between countries.© Shutterstock/PradeepGaurs | Solar technologies are suitable for small off-grid applications, helping to reach rural and remote populations.

Sustainable and frontier technologies will enable the developing world to accelerate green and inclusive development, but realizing this future will require international cooperation.

This was the main message of the UN Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) at the meeting held on October 25 and 26.

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“There is an important role for international cooperation to provide technical and financial support to developing countries so that they can take advantage of the green windows of opportunity,” said Shamika N. Sirimanne, Director of Technology and Logistics while opening the meeting.

Provides significant support to CSTD, the UN’s “torch-bearer and center for science, technology and innovation (STI) for development”.

Discussions at the meeting focused on two priority themes: how STI can promote clean and competitive production and ensure safe water and sanitation for all.

Green, sustainable technologies may open a window of opportunity for developing economies to achieve a technological leap, the meeting noted.

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Unencumbered by legacy systems, backward countries adopt such technologies at lower cost and avoid the risks associated with experimentation, research and development, and the slower initial adoption experienced by advanced economies.

In addition, changes in policies, access to finance and global requirements – driven by the world’s urgent push for sustainability – will help reduce barriers to entry by accelerating the adoption of these technologies in the developing world.

Technological innovation can enhance the role of developing countries in greening global value chains, as well as diversifying and shifting towards more sustainable economic sectors – provided that appropriate policies and cooperation are in place.

For example, successful models for accelerating the development of renewable energy technologies have been institutional in nature, where countries use new environmental legislation to stimulate public-private cooperation in the green transition.

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Egypt’s 2014 Renewable Energy Law allowed the private sector to partner with the government to produce electricity from renewable sources.

Developing nations such as Chile, Panama, and South Africa have advanced green hydrogen strategies consistent with sustainable development.

With rich countries lacking the labor to produce the electrolyzers that are key to creating green hydrogen, their developing counterparts in Europe, Japan and South Korea have the opportunity to meet future demand.

Rapid developments in frontier technologies, including the bioeconomy, artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things (IoT) and nanotechnology, all have the water and sanitation sector as a potential key beneficiary.

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These solutions allow access to the last mile population as off-grid decentralized solutions are increasingly available and can be operated and supported locally with minimal training.

For example, Swiss Fresh Water has developed a low-cost, low-power desalination system that enables small-scale production of low-cost drinking water in developing countries, particularly in Africa.

Similarly, UN Women helped pilot a solar water pumping project that is now run by community members for drinking and irrigation in Mozambique.

To unlock STI opportunities for developing countries, the meeting called for bridging the gap in digital capabilities – largely caused by unequal investment in research and development between rich and poor economies.

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It is important to consider a number of key factors when planning technology transfer and to make such transfer part of a concerted effort to build a broader socio-economic infrastructure in developing nations.

The policy recommendations meeting focused on developing and empowering local innovation ecosystems, particularly involving women and marginalized groups in design and project implementation.

He also emphasized the need for STI policies that support concrete solutions to increase sustainability and climate resilience. 18 Nov 2023 – Understanding the developed/developing country taxonomy, Aderonke Gbadamosi compares the different measures of development used by international institutions and answers the question “what does it do?” Will we be a developing country?’

Development is a difficult concept to define; Building a taxonomy of development is undoubtedly difficult. Countries are grouped to try to better understand their social and economic outcomes. The most widely accepted criterion is to designate countries as developed or developing countries.

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There is no universally accepted criterion that explains the rationale for classifying countries according to the level of development. This may be due to the diversity of development outcomes across countries and the limiting challenge of adequately classifying each country into two categories.

The developing/developed country taxonomy became popular in the 1960s as a way of easily categorizing countries in the context of policy debates about resource transfers from richer to poorer countries (Pearson et all, 1969). Due to the lack of a country classification system, some international organizations have used membership in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as the main criterion for developed country status. Although the classification of the country is not disclosed