Lack Of Infrastructure In Developing Countries

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The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has announced that the Governor-elect of Kogi State, Usman Ododo and…

Lack Of Infrastructure In Developing Countries

President Bola Tinubu will on Saturday leave Abuja for Berlin, Germany to attend the G20 Compact with Africa (CwA) summit.

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Leaders of the Union of Organized Labor and Pensioners have commended Kaduna State Governor Uba Sani for releasing N3.1 billion.

The Court of Appeal in Abuja has confirmed Governor Bala Muhammed of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP)…that the three departments of government jointly manage major portfolios of immovable infrastructure assets with State Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Although much emphasis is placed on provision of infrastructure, delivery does not end with actually commissioning the infrastructure asset. Once the infrastructure is commissioned, various necessary steps must be taken to ensure that it continues to function—such as allocating necessary budgets and retaining appropriate personnel to maintain the assets’ operations. “Delivery” should be understood globally not only to build the infrastructure, but also to provide appropriate operation and maintenance for the entire design life of the asset. Maintenance of buildings and infrastructural facilities in the economy has many problems. Finance is one of the serious problems; Government funding for maintenance of buildings (both public and private) is limited. Subsidy for maintenance of infrastructure facilities is very low. Most of the buildings and infrastructure have been neglected by successive positions of government in the private sector; Individual property owners contribute little or nothing to the effective upkeep of their buildings, unless the buildings provide the owner with an annual income, who could care less about maintenance, and care about the exterior appearance or other necessary maintenance measures to make the interior of the building as comfortable as possible. Corruption is another problem in effectively maintaining the built environment in Ghana. Some governments concerned with the welfare of the people will encourage good financial planning to maintain certain facilities like road networks borehole systems, bridge construction, power grid upliftment to alleviate suffering and ultimately welfare. population but some corrupt officials will use these funds for personal aggrandizement. As a result of this economic crisis, residents and citizens contribute little or nothing to the effective maintenance of their habitat, thus leading to neglected outcomes exhibited in our cities and metropolises. Also some of the buildings in Ghanaian cities were built during the pre-colonial period, so most of these buildings are years old due to wear and tear, weather and climate factors, and thus cannot respond favorably to modern maintenance techniques as a result of their dilapidated nature.

The State Of U.s. Infrastructure

Maintenance as a service covers every aspect of the built environment, especially building assets and infrastructure facilities, such facilities are spread across projects in many sectors of the national economy, including agriculture, health, education, trade, industry, energy, environment and security. The spread also extends to social sectors such as roads, water supply, housing, electricity and telecommunications. It is worth noting that such programs have implications for sustainable maintenance. Maintenance in Ghana has been a neglected technical field, yet every piece of infrastructure or equipment must be maintained in operational and up-to-date standards. Buildings and infrastructure are the country’s most valuable assets, providing people with shelter and facilities for work and leisure. Maintenance begins on the day the contractor leaves the site after completing the project. Construction, including design, material specification, workmanship, function and use, will determine the level of maintenance required over the life of the building or infrastructure. Maintenance is defined in engineering terminology as continuous maintenance of a system(s) in good condition to achieve operational reliability with maximum designed output result, tolerance and stability. This definition is adapted for building maintenance as the task of maintaining or restoring every facility, i.e. every part of a site, building and contents to an acceptable standard. Thus maintenance aims to maintain components, equipment and the entire structure at a specified level of performance. The acceptable standard should not be less than the statutory requirements and should be one that sustains the utility and value of the facility. This includes some improvement in the life of the building as acceptable comfort and convenience standards rise. The main objective of building and infrastructure maintenance is to maintain the building for continuous and reliable use. Wear and tear caused by use or misuse, weather and other agencies and suitable measures should be taken to take adequate care of them. The concept of maintenance involves taking appropriate steps to take adequate care of them. The concept of maintenance involves taking appropriate actions and precautions to ensure that a given capital asset (equipment and infrastructure) reaches its potential lifespan.

§Planned Maintenance: Planned maintenance is organized maintenance with prediction, control and application by applying records to a predetermined plan. It is defined by BS 3811 as “work carried out according to a sand-based priority system, each operation being properly planned and organized in advance with the required labour, plant and materials ready for use when required” which, if properly applied, leads to Greater margin of safety and reduced risk of resorting to emergency work. Planned maintenance is further divided into;

§Unplanned Maintenance: Unplanned maintenance is maintenance carried out in a predetermined plan. It is a maintenance work resulting from an unexpected breakdown of facilities that require urgent attention. It is work resulting from unexpected breakage or damage due to external causes such as acts of nature, settlement of buildings and shrinkage of building elements (BS 3811). This is Ivor H. Classified by Seeley (1979);

§It preserves the physical properties of the services associated with the building, thereby reflecting fewer failures and thereby reducing the probability of early failure.

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The scope and purpose of maintaining buildings and related infrastructure has been studied, but the economic and social importance remains:

§Dilapidated and unhealthy building reduces the quality of life and in some ways contributes to some anti-social values. For example; Unfinished abandoned buildings continue to serve as hideouts for criminals and anti-social elements.

§Maintenance prevents deterioration and failure, extends the physical life of the building, thereby delaying replacement and cost of new construction.

§The appearance, quality and general physical conditions of a building usually reflect the pride or indifference of the public, the level of prosperity in the area, social values ​​and behavior.

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§Some buildings and infrastructure facilities add to or enhance the beauty of the neighborhood through their appearance and proximity or street location. Therefore, any action to maintain such a structure will usually attract public attention and sympathy.

Infrastructure facilities represent the engine of social and economic activities. This is the main challenge of economic development. Services associated with infrastructure use account for approximately 10%-15% of the Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P). The importance of infrastructure has strong links to development, poverty reduction and environmental sustainability. These social infrastructures include education, health care, business, industry and all aspects of national life. Infrastructures can be said to be an umbrella term for several activities referred to as social overhead capital. Ghana has invested heavily in the provision of new infrastructure, resulting in a dramatic increase in social infrastructure services – for example transport, water, irrigation, sanitation, electricity and telecommunications. Such an increase will not actually raise productivity and improve the citizen’s quality of life, as infrastructure must be reliable and efficient. In Ghana, infrastructure provides effective demand response services. These services are the goals and benchmarks of a society’s development. These infrastructural assets in Ghana have not produced the required quantity or quality. The cost of this waste is high and unacceptable in terms of projected economic growth and spending opportunities for poverty reduction and environmental improvement. It can be categorically said that good infrastructure increases productivity and reduces cost of production. Infrastructure investment is misallocated

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